What is Pentium Processor
After 80486 processor in 1993 Intel introduced a next generation processor "Pentium" because in past many processor were developed like 8085,8086,80186,80286 in that numbers are having any meaning thats why they took 'Pente' word from Greek and last word of 'ium' from the elements of Periodic Table on combing both new word is formed "Pentium". After that many version of Pentium with different features are developed. Today's latest processor is 64-bit microprocessor. In this 32-bit address bus and 273 pin grid array are present.
In 60/66 MHz Pentium processor 0.8 micron technology is used. In this +5V supply is used for the performing operations and 3.1 million transistors are used. But in 90/100 MHz Pentium 0.6 micron BI-CMOS technology and 3.3 million transistors with +3.3 V supply is used for the performing operations.
After 2 year later of Pentium processor Intel launched P6 family of processor. Performance of this is better than Pentium but this processor also made on 0.6 micron fabrication technology. First processor of P6 family was Pentium Pro.This is three-way super scaler processor which is execute 3 instruction in a clock. I Pentium Pro 256 KB second level cache also present. After that in P6 family Pentium-II,Pentium II Xeon,Colerone,Pentium III and Pentium III Xeon were introduced with different -different features.
In 2000 Intel launched Pentium 4 by using Net Burst architecture. By Net Burst architecture execution speed increased and got high speed internal data path with pipelining.
In 2003 Intel launched M processor by using 0.13 micron technology Which is consumed less supply and gave high performance. In this 64 kB first level cache is given with 1 mb second cache on the chip.
After that Intel launched Dual Core,C2D,i3,i5,i7,i8 and latest is i9. Which are having better performance on comparison with Pentium.
Design Features of Pentium -
- Superscale Architecture - Architecture of Pentium processor has been supersacle means in this more than one execution unit are present. In Pentium processor two execution units are available. Therefore in one clock cycle two instructions has been execute. Every execution unit is dual pipelined. Therefore due to being superscale architecture processing speed of processor are more fast.
- On-Chip Cache Memory - Pentium processor has two cache memory on a 8 kb chip. One is for code and another one is for data.Cache memory is used to store code and data in a program that is copied from main memory. Because of the code and data required during program execution, the microprocessor does not need to go into the external main memory from the chip, but it catches the store code and data in the available cash memory on the chip. Thus the speed of the processor increases.
- Dynamic Branch Prediction - By this technology most potential executed set of instruction is prediction. According to branch prediction pipelines putted full. Therefor effect of branch prediction behavior shows on the performance of machine. Because by wrong prediction flush and wasted cycles problem arises in pipe. Branch prediction work is done by the branch target buffer. In which all branch information is available
- Floating Point Unit - In Pentium processor has a floating point unit on chip. In which 8 general-purpose floating point register of 32-bit present. In floating point unit 8 stages are in pipeline. In which 5 stages are as integer unit, because in floating point unit error possibility are more than integer unit. That's why in this 3 stages are implement by separately for checking errors.
- Performance Monitoring - Pentium processor design like that user can monitor performance of processor and can solve the problem come during the time of execution along with user can record time of execution and user can use time in doing fine-tone of program which is consume in reading data, writing, interrupt, cache hits etc.
- Other Features -
- In this 64-bit data bus has used.
- Complete Instruction set computer (CISC) architecture with deduced instruction set computer (RISC).
- Upward code compatibility
- Pentium processor runs critical instruction in less clock cycle in comparison with 80486
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